Development performance of optical quantum chips
The performance of traditional chips mainly depends on the number of transistors integrated in the chip. If a single transistor is small, the number of transistors integrated into the chip is large, so the computing power of the chip is relatively strong, and vice versa.
In fact, the concept of photonic quantum chip was first proposed by the United Kingdom in 2008. Some people may not know much about it. Compared with traditional chips, photonic quantum chips are a brand-new chip form and have incomparable advantages over traditional chips.
Its biggest advantage is that the chip uses light as a carrier to replace the role of electricity, and uses micro-nano technology for processing to integrate a larger number of optical quantum devices on the chip. This integrated property makes this chip stable. Higher performance and more powerful performance.
Countries invest in research and development of optical quantum computing chips
On April 7, the U.S. government allocated $25 million to support chip foundry GlobalFoundries to develop optical quantum computers.
On April 14, Intel and Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) successfully fabricated quantum dots at the 28 Si/28 SiO2 interface using alternative and advanced processes at Intel's semiconductor fabrication facility.
On April 19, the Dutch government will invest 1.1 billion euros in the country's photonic integrated circuit (PIC) industry through national funds and mobilize other private sector institutions to promote the development of local enterprises.
According to foreign media reports on April 26, the "PhoQuant" project, led by the German start-up company Q.ANT and 14 partners, is currently developing an optical quantum computing chip that can run at room temperature.
Can bypass the neck lithography machine
One of the most interesting aspects of manufacturing photonic quantum chips is that they can be fabricated without the help of a lithography machine. In February this year, the QUANTA team from the School of Computer Science, National Defense University of China, together with the Academy of Military Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University and other domestic and foreign units, developed a new programmable silicon-based optical quantum computing chip, which has realized the solution of various quantum algorithms for graph theory problems. It is considered to be one of the ways to bypass the lithography machine, but the United States is eager to request technology sharing.
Although this new type of quantum chip also uses micro-nano processing technology, it mainly integrates a large number of photonic quantum devices on a single chip. Due to different production principles, it can bypass the limitations of lithography machines.
Once the optical quantum chip is successfully commercialized, the research on process technologies such as 7nm and 5nm will lose its original meaning, and the field of chip manufacturing will also enter a new milestone. We will break through the predicament of chip manufacturing being stuck.
The research and development and production of optical quantum chips do not rely on high-end lithography machines in the West. Once the technology is successfully developed and matured, we will completely break the situation of being stuck by the West. Even in this field, and even the global chip market in the future, we can have an advantage.
The future development of optical quantum chips
Data processing: From the perspective of strategic security and development strategy requirements, photonic quantum chips can solve many important problems in main applications, such as data processing methods that are time-consuming, cannot be processed in parallel, and have large functional losses.
For example, in long-range, high-speed moving millimeter-wave radars with laser ranging, speed limiting, and high-resolution imaging as the overall goals, as well as new measurements in high-resolution non-destructive testing techniques based on the internal structure of biotech and nanotech components In microscope-related imaging weapons and equipment, optical quantum chips can give full play to their advantages of high-speed parallel processing, low power consumption and miniaturization.
Laser communication: Indoor space laser communication is the key way to solve the problem of short indoor space transmission speed, and it is the key way to build comprehensive network information; underwater laser communication is the key way to solve the environmental hazards of underwater data signal transmission, and it is also a key way to build an integrated water system. key way to lower the communication system.
In addition, there are also industries with strategic security and development strategy requirements, such as inter-satellite Internet technology, 8G communication, and intelligent remote sensing technology surveying and mapping projects. All of this necessitates the fast, power-hungry, and parallel processing of the Internet's big data. Optical quantum chips will play a key supporting role in this strategic industry.
Algorithm optimization: The AI photonic quantum chip is a chip design that matches the aspect ratio of the optical measurement frame and the optimization algorithm of artificial intelligence technology.
It has the potential to be widely used in important artificial intelligence technology industries such as unmanned driving, security monitoring systems, speech recognition technology, image recognition technology, diagnosis and treatment, mobile games, virtual reality technology, industrial Internet, company-level servers, and big data centers.
Artificial intelligence: The brain-like photonic quantum chip can simulate and simulate the calculation of the human brain. Under the neural network architecture that simulates the human brain, it can solve the data information according to the information content of the optical quantum band, so that the chip can achieve fast parallel processing and power consumption similar to the human brain. calculate.
The integration of microstructured photonic quantum sets into basic photonic quantum chips and neural network data processing systems based on electron optics is of great significance for solving problems such as future power consumption, high-speed operation, broadband network and massive information resource management.
Internet: Everyone has higher and higher requirements for the computing speed and speed of computer solution system software. The inefficiency of disruptive innovations leaves electronic chips with enormous challenges in terms of processing speed and loss of functionality.
The optical quantum measurement chip has the advantages of fast parallel processing speed and low power consumption, and is considered to be the most promising measurement and solution for future high-speed, large-information and artificial intelligence technologies.
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The news of a major breakthrough in the quantum field means that in the future, my country will not only focus on the development of new carbon-based chips, but also increase the research and development of quantum chip technology as a new direction for the development of China's chip technology in the future.